This information is provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD).
Erythema nodosum (EN) is a skin condition in which red bumps (nodules) form on the shins. Less commonly, the nodules form on other areas of the body such as the thighs and forearms.[9681][9682] The lesions begin as firm, hot, red, painful lumps and progress to a purplish color.[9681] EN is a type of inflammatory disorder affecting the layer of fat under the skin (panniculitis).[9682][9683] Other symptoms that may accompany the skin findings include the following: fever, a general feeling of being ill. joint aches, and swelling of the affected area.[9681] In many cases, EN is presumed to be a delayed reaction to antigens associated with various infections, drugs, and certain systemic diseases.[9683] In some cases, however, EN has no identifiable cause (idiopathic); in these cases, clinical follow-up is needed to rule out certain conditions including inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and Behcet’s disease.[9683] Treatment may include rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), steroids, hot or cold compresses, potassium iodide solution, and supportive bandages or compression stockings.[9681][9682] Symptoms usually resolve within six weeks, but EN may become a chronic disorder lasting for months and, occasionally, for years.[9681][9682] Approximately 30% cases of idiopathic EN may last more than 6 months.[9684]
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