Lymphatic malformations

Disease Overview

Lymphatic malformations or lymphangiomas are benign (non-cancerous) vascular lesions made of fluid-filled spaces (cysts) thought to occur due to abnormal development of the lymphatic system.[8017]  In general, lymphatic malformations are categorized into macrocystic, microcystic, or combined depending on the size of the cysts; they are also classified in superficial lesions known as lymphangioma circumscriptum, and more deep-seated lesions (cavernous lymphangioma and cystic hygroma).[11747][8018] They are present at birth, although they may be discovered later in life.[8019] They are most
commonly located in the neck and axilla, but
they also occur in the mouth, arm, mediastinum,
lung, leg, abdomen and viscera. Some may appear as a tiny blue or red spot while others are massive and affect an entire arm or leg.[8019][11746] The signs and symptoms vary depending on the size and location of the mass; however, lymphangiomas can disfigure affected areas and disrupt the function of nearby organs or tissues.[8017] The exact underlying cause is unknown. Treatment options vary based on the signs and symptoms present in each person but may include surgery.[8018]

Synonyms

• Lymphangiomas