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Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN1) causes the growth of tumors in both the endocrine system (the body’s network of hormone-producing glands) and non-endocrine system. Symptoms of MEN1 include tumors of the parathyroid gland, the pituitary gland, and the pancreas, although other glands may be involved as well. These tumors are often “functional” and secrete excess hormones, which can cause a variety of health problems. Additional signs and symptoms of MEN1 may depend on the type of tumor present and which hormones are being secreted. The most common symptoms are cause by an overactive parathyroid gland and may include kidney stones; thinning of bones; nausea and vomiting; high blood pressure (hypertension); weakness; and fatigue.[7931] MEN1 is caused by genetic variants in the MEN1 gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It is diagnosed based on the presence of two or more endocrine tumors in one person. The results of genetic testing can help confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for MEN1 is focused on early detection and prevention of tumors, and usually involves regular screening to allow for early diagnosis and treatment of endocrine tumors.[7931] Treatment guidelines for MEN1 have been published.[15956]
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