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Home / Rare Disease Video Library / Gaucher Disease

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Gaucher Disease - Video


Overview

La enfermedad de Gaucher (EG) es un trastorno genético raro caracterizado por un aumento excesivo del tamaño del hígado y/o bazo (hepatosplenomegalia), bajos niveles de glóbulos rojos (anemia), bajos niveles de plaquetas (trombocitopenia) y anomalías esqueléticas.

Las plaquetas son células sanguíneas que promueven la coagulación, por lo que las personas con trombocitopenia pueden desarrollar problemas de sangrado.

La EG es causada por cambios (variantes patogénicas o mutaciones) en el gen GBA1  que resultan en la deficiencia de la enzima glucocerebrosidasa. La deficiencia de esta enzima provoca la acumulación de dos sustancias, glucosilceramida (Gb1) y glucosilfingosina (Lyso-Gb1) en los lisosomas, afectando varios órganos y sistemas.

La EG se clasifica en tres tipos: no neuropático (EG1), neuropático agudo (EG2) y neuropático crónico (EG3). Los síntomas de la EG1 suelen aparecer en la edad adulta, los de la EG2 generalmente comienzan antes del nacimiento o en las primeras semanas de vida, mientras que los síntomas de la EG3 suelen aparecer en los bebés y niños pequeños (infancia temprana).

La enfermedad de Gaucher se clasifica como un trastorno de almacenamiento lisosómico (LSD). Los lisosomas son las principales unidades digestivas en las células. Las enzimas dentro de los lisosomas descomponen o “digieren” nutrientes, incluidos ciertos carbohidratos y grasas complejos. En la enfermedad de Gaucher, ciertos lípidos que contienen azúcar (glucosa), conocidos como glucolípidos, se acumulan anormalmente en el cuerpo debido a la falta de la enzima glucocerebrosidasa. Esta acumulación de lípidos lleva a los diversos síntomas o hallazgos físicos asociados con una enfermedad de almacenamiento lisosómico.

Synonyms

  • Deficiencia de glucocerebrosidasa

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