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Home / Rare Disease Video Library / Hemophilia, Guillermo’s Story

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Hemophilia, Guillermo’s Story - Video


Overview

La hemofilia es un término general para un grupo de trastornos hemorrágicos raros causados por la deficiencia congénita de ciertos factores de coagulación. La forma más común de hemofilia es la hemofilia A. En casos raros, la hemofilia A puede adquirirse durante la vida (hemofilia A adquirida) como resultado de un autoanticuerpo contra el factor VIII. Aunque en ambos trastornos, la hemofilia A genética y la hemofilia A adquirida hay deficiencia del factor VIII de coagulación, el tipo de sangrado es bastante diferente. No se sabe porque los patrones de sangrado son diferentes entre estos trastornos. En este informe nos referimos a la hemofilia A genética.

La hemofilia A, también conocida como hemofilia clásica, es un trastorno hemorrágico genético causado por niveles insuficientes de una proteína en la sangre llamada factor VIII. El factor VIII es un factor de coagulación. Los factores de coagulación son proteínas especializadas que son esenciales para la coagulación adecuada de la sangre, el proceso en que la sangre forma un coágulo para tapar una herida y detener el sangrado. Las personas con hemofilia A no sangran más rápido ni más profuso que las personas sanas, pero debido a que su sangre coagula mal, tienen dificultad para detener el flujo de sangre de una herida. Esto puede denominarse sangrado prolongado. La hemofilia A puede ser leve, moderada o grave, según el nivel inicial de factor VIII que produzca la persona afectada. En casos leves, los episodios de sangrado prolongados pueden ocurrir sólo después de una cirugía, procedimientos dentales o traumatismos. En los casos más graves, los síntomas pueden incluir sangrado prolongado en casos de heridas menores, hematomas dolorosos e hinchados y sangrado inexplicable (espontáneo) en órganos vitales, así como en articulaciones y músculos (hemorragia interna).

La hemofilia A  genética es causada por alteraciones o cambios (mutaciones) en el gen F8 ubicado en el cromosoma X. Esta mutación puede ser hereditaria o puede ocurrir al azar, sin ser heredada. La hemofilia A se expresa principalmente en hombres, pero algunas mujeres portadoras del gen pueden tener síntomas leves o, en raras ocasiones, sangrados muy graves. Aunque no existe una cura para la hemofilia, se han desarrollado tratamientos mejores; la mayoría de las personas afectadas pueden llevar vidas plenas y productivas si mantienen el tratamiento y la atención adecuados.

 

Synonyms

  • hemofilia clásica
  • deficiencia de factor VIII

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