• Patients & Caregivers
  • Patient Organizations
  • For Clinicians & Researchers
  • NORD En español
  • Contact Us
NORD logo with tag for website.
  • Donate
  • Rare Disease News
  • Find a Rare Disease
  • About Us
  • Events
  • Understanding Rare Disease
        • Where to start
          • Rare Disease Facts and Statistics
          • NORD’s Rare Disease Database
          • Rare Disease Video Library
          • Help for People with Undiagnosed Medical Conditions
          • Find A Rare Disease Organization
          • Diagnóstico Raro en Niños: Una Guía para los Padres para Encontrar el Diagnóstico de una Enfermedad Rara
          • A PCP Primer to Diagnosing Rare Disease in Children
        • Stay informed
          • Stories That Inspire
          • RareEdu® – Online Learning Platform
          • Rare Disease Day®
          • Resource Library
          • State Resource Center
          • Publications On Rare Disease
        • Featured NORD Event
          • LRLS Thumbnail for rarediseases.orgNORD® Living Rare, Living Stronger® Patient & Family Meeting
          • Learn More
  • Living with a Rare Disease
        • Manage your care
          • Getting Help & Support
          • Managing Your Disease
          • Telemedicina – Para Pacientes y Cuidadores
        • We can help
          • How NORD Can Help
          • Speak To Someone at NORD
          • Rare Disease Centers Of Excellence
          • Patient Assistance Programs
          • Explore Clinical Trials
          • Find A Patient Organization
          • Caregiver Resources
        • Discover Local Resources
        • State-Resource-Cente
  • Community Support
      • Where to start
        • Rare Diseases Defined
        • Financial & Medical Assistance
        • Call Center & Information Services
        • Bringing Together Your Community
      • Mentoring organizations
        • NORD Member List
        • Start a Rare Disease Organization
        • Membership Program
        • Becoming Research Ready
        • Patient-Focused Drug Development
      • Improving clinical care
        • NORD Claim Your Care®
        • Rare Disease Centers of Excellence
        • Continuing Medical Education (CME)
      • Partnering with the community
        • Corporate Council
        • National Partnerships
        • Global Partnerships
        • Rare Cancer Coalition
        • NORD Rare Impact Awards®
      • Featured NORD Event
        • LRLS Thumbnail for rarediseases.orgNORD® Living Rare, Living Stronger® Patient & Family Meeting
        • Learn More
  • Advancing Research
      • For patients
        • List of Rare Diseases
        • Gene Therapy for Rare Disease
        • Find Clinical Trials & Research Studies
      • For researchers
        • Request for Proposals
        • Research Grant Programs
        • Data Standards for Rare Diseases
        • Patient-Focused Drug Development Meetings
      • For clinicians
        • Resources for Patients
        • Find a Rare Disease Care Center
        • Continuing Medical Education (CME)
      • Connect
        • IAMRARE® Program Powered by NORD
        • Rare Disease Cures Accelerator (RDCA-DAP)
        • All of Us Study
      • Featured NORD Event
        • Symposium thumbnailNORD Rare Disease Scientific Symposium
        • Learn More
  • Driving Policy
        • NORD policy and you
          • Public Policy Positions
          • Policy Statements & Letters to Policymakers
          • Rare Disease Advisory Councils
          • NORD State Report Card®
        • Taking action
          • Join the Rare Action Network®
          • Take Action
          • Advocate for Rare Disease Policies as a Health Care Professional
        • Join A Current Campaign.
          • NORD policy alert notification icon imageLearn about our current
            policy goals
          • Take Action
        • Featured NORD Event
        • Summit thumbnailNORD® Rare Diseases & Orphan Products Breakthrough Summit®
        • Learn More
  • Get Involved
      • Raising Awareness & Funds with NORD
        • Do-It-Yourself NORD Fundraiser
        • NORD Students for Rare®
        • Sports & Fitness Fundraisers
        • Media Inquiries
      • In your community
        • Attend An Upcoming Event
        • Find a Rare Disease Patient Organization
        • Stay Informed With NORD’s Email Newsletter
        • Rare Disease Day®
      • Patient stories
        • Share Your Story
        • Careers At NORD
        • Intern At NORD
        • Jobs At Patient Disease Organizations
      • Corporate Council
        • Corporate Council
        • Corporate Council Members
        • Join Corporate Council
        • Corporate Council – Code of Conduct
      • Show Your Support
        • Donate to NORD
        • Volunteer Application
        • Store
  • Donate
  • Understanding Rare Disease
    • Where to start
      • Rare Disease Facts and Statistics
      • NORD’s Rare Disease Database
      • Rare Disease Video Library
      • What It Means To Be Undiagnosed
      • Find A Rare Disease Organization
      • Diagnóstico Raro en Niños: Una Guía para los Padres para Encontrar el Diagnóstico de una Enfermedad Rara
      • A PCP Primer to Diagnosing Rare Disease in Children
    • Stay informed
      • Stories That Inspire
      • RareEdu® – Online Learning Platform
      • Rare Disease Day
      • Resource Library
      • State Resource Center – Find Local Resources
      • Publications On Rare Disease
    • NORD® Living Rare, Living Stronger® Patient & Family Meeting
      • Learn More
  • Living with a Rare Disease
    • Manage your care
      • Getting Help & Support
      • Managing Your Disease
    • We can help
      • How NORD Can Help
      • Speak To Someone at NORD
      • Rare Disease Center Of Excellence
      • Patient Assistance Programs
      • Explore Clinical Trials
      • Find A Patient Organization
      • Caregiver Resources
      • State Resource Center – Discover Local Resources
  • Community Support
    • Where to start
      • Rare Diseases Defined
      • Financial & Medical Assistance
      • Call Center & Information Services
      • Bringing Together Your Community
    • Mentoring organizations
      • NORD Member List
      • Start a Rare Disease Organization
      • Membership Program
      • Becoming Research Ready
      • Launching Registries & Natural History Studies
      • Patient-Focused Drug Development
    • Improving clinical care
      • Claim Your Care
      • Rare Disease Centers of Excellence
      • Continuing Medical Education (CME)
    • Partnering with the community
      • Corporate Council
      • National Partnerships
      • Global Parnerships
    • NORD® Living Rare, Living Stronger® Patient & Family Meeting
      • Learn More
  • Advancing Research
    • For patients
      • List of Rare Diseases
      • Gene Therapy for Rare Disease
      • Find Clinical Trials & Research Studies
    • For researchers
      • Request for Proposals
      • Research Grant Programs
      • Data Standards for Rare Diseases
    • For clinicians
      • Resources for Patients
      • Find a Rare Disease Care Center
      • Continuing Medical Education (CME)
    • Connect
      • IAMRARE® Program Powered by NORD
      • Rare Disease Cures Accelerator (RDCA-DAP)
      • All of Us Study
      • Add Your Expertise
    • NORD Rare Disease Scientific Symposium
      • Learn More
  • Driving Policy
    • NORD policy and you
      • Today’s Policy Issues
      • NORD’s Policy Statements
      • Rare Disease Advisory Councils
      • NORD State Report Card
    • Taking action
      • Join the Rare Action Network®
      • Contact your Representative
      • Take Action
      • Advocate for Rare Disease Policies as a Health Care Professional
    • Join A Current Campaign.
      • Learn about our current policy goals
  • Get Involved
    • Raising awareness and funds with NORD
      • Do-It-Yourself NORD Fundraiser
      • NORD Students for Rare
      • Sports & Fitness Fundraisers
      • Media Inquiries
    • In your community
      • Attend An Upcoming Event
      • Find a Rare Disease Patient Organization
      • Stay Informed With NORD’s Email Newsletter
      • Rare Disease Day®
    • Patient stories
      • Share Your Story
      • Careers At NORD
      • Intern At NORD
      • Jobs At Patient Disease Organizations
    • Show your support
      • Donate
      • Volunteer Application
      • Visit the NORD Store
  • Rare Disease News
  • Resource Library
  • About Us
  • For Clinicians & Researchers
  • For Patient Organizations
Home / Rare Disease Video Library / Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

Related Videos

Desmoid Tumors

Watch Video

Glut 1 Deficiency Syndrome

Watch Video

Sickle Cell Disease

Watch Video

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis - Video


Overview

El pulmón está compuesto por millones de pequeños sacos de aire (alvéolos) con paredes muy delgadas que permiten que el oxígeno del aire que respiramos pase a la sangre. Los alveolos producen una sustancia aceitosa llamada surfactante que es compuesta de fosfolípidos, pequeñas cantidades de colesterol y proteínas. El surfactante forra la superficie de las paredes alveolares y ayuda a que permanezcan abiertas permitiendo que el aire entre y salga mientras respiramos. Una vez usado, el surfactante es removido de los alvéolos por células llamadas macrófagos alveolares. Esto ayuda a evitar que el surfactante se acumule demasiado. Los macrófagos alveolares requieren una molécula de señalización o “mensajero” llamada “factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos/macrófagos (GM-CSF)” que tiene la función de estimular a los macrófagos alveolares para que funcionen correctamente y mantengan un nivel normal de surfactante en los alvéolos. Este proceso es llamado “homeostasis del surfactante”.

La proteinosis alveolar pulmonar (PAP) es un grupo de varias enfermedades que tienen un conjunto de síntomas y signos similares y que son caracterizadas por un acumulo de surfactante en los alvéolos. Esto impide que el aire entre en los alvéolos y que el oxígeno pase a la sangre, lo que provoca una sensación de falta de aire (disnea). La investigación ha mejorado mucho nuestra comprensión de las enfermedades que causan la PAP y cómo diagnosticarlas y tratarlas.

Las enfermedades que causan PAP pueden ocurrir en hombres, mujeres y niños de todas las edades, en todos los grupos étnicos y en todo el mundo. La gravedad varía de leve a grave y depende de qué enfermedad esté causando el PAP. Por lo tanto, es importante saber qué enfermedad está causando la PAP para determinar el mejor tratamiento

La PA se puede clasificar en 3 diferentes tipos según el mecanismo que causa la enfermedad:

  • PAP primaria, que se caracteriza por la interrupción de la señalización del factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos y macrófagos (GM-CSF) y puede ser:
    • autoinmune (causada por niveles elevados de autoanticuerpos GM-CSF (autoanticuerpos neutralizantes contra CSF2) o
    • hereditaria (debido a mutaciones en los genes CSF2RA o CSF2RB, que codifican subunidades del receptor GM-CSF);
  • PAP secundaria, que resulta de condiciones subyacentes en las que hay un número reducido o deterioro funcional de los macrófagos alveolares y se asocia con la inhalación de polvo inorgánico (sílice) o vapores tóxicos, neoplasias malignas de la sangre (hematológicas), medicamentos, o infecciones; y
  • PAP congénita, que es causada por mutaciones en genes involucrados en la producción de surfactante.

Otros clasifican la PAP congénita dentro del grupo de la PAP hereditaria.  en tres formas, incluyendo la forma congénita dentro de la PAP hereditaria.

Synonyms

  • PAP
  • Lipoproteinosis alveolar pulmonar
  • Fosfolipidosis

View Rare Disease Report >>

  • For Patients & Caregivers
  • For Organizations
  • For Clinicians & Researchers
Sign Up for NORD News

NORD Patient Hotline

NORD's Helpline is here for you. Reach us at 1-800-999-6673 or visit Contact Us.

Helpline hours:
Monday–Thursday 8:30am–7:00pm ET
Friday 8:30am–6:00pm ET

NORD Headquarters

120 Longwater Drive
Suite 105
Norwell, MA 02061

Mailing Address

7 Kenosia Avenue
Danbury, CT 06810
Phone: 203-744-0100
Fax: 203-263-9938

Donation Mailing Address

NORD, Inc. – Donations
Dept. 5930
P.O. Box 4110
Woburn, MA 01888

Other Locations

Newport Coast, CA Office
21163 Newport Coast Drive
Suite 254
Newport Coast, CA 92657
Washington, DC Office
1779 Massachusetts Avenue
Suite 500
Washington, DC 20036
  • Understanding Rare Disease
    • Where to Start
    • Stay Informed
    • Patient Stories
  • Living with a Rare Disease
    • Manage Your Care
    • We Can Help
  • Community Support
    • Where to Start
    • Mentoring Organizations
    • Improving Clinical Care
    • Partnering With the Community
    • Community Support
  • Advancing Research
    • For Patients
    • For Researchers
    • For Clinicians
    • Connect
    • Publications
    • Download a Subset of NORD’s Rare Disease Database
  • Driving Policy
    • NORD Policy Priorities
    • Taking Action
    • Join the Rare Action Network®
  • Donate
    • Donate
  • Get Involved
  • Legal
    • Brand Resources and Guidelines
    • Terms & Conditions
    • Privacy Policy
  • Rare Disease News
  • About Us
  • Media Inquiries
  • Get Involved
  • Careers at NORD
  • Sitemap
  • Contact Us

Copyright ©2026 NORD – National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. All rights reserved.

NORD is a registered 501(c)(3) charity organization.
Please note that NORD provides this information for the benefit of the rare disease community. NORD is not a medical provider or health care facility and thus can neither diagnose any disease or disorder nor endorse or recommend any specific medical treatments. Patients must rely on the personal and individualized medical advice of their qualified health care professionals before seeking any information related to their particular diagnosis, cure or treatment of a condition or disorder.

2023TRbadge_lg Platinum_Transparency_2024 Four_Stars_Charity

Make 2026 Count: Gift research, care, and advocacy for families everywhere

Your gift today fuels progress in the lab, in clinics, on Capitol Hill and for rare families who can’t wait another year for answers.


  • Donor-Advised Funds
  • Donate Stock
  • Planned Giving
NORD logo for Rare Disorders site.