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Home / Rare Disease Video Library / Short Bowel Syndrome

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Short Bowel Syndrome - Video


Overview

El síndrome del intestino corto es una enfermedad compleja que ocurre debido a la pérdida física o a la pérdida de función de una parte del intestino delgado y/o grueso.

Las personas con este síndrome suelen tener una capacidad reducida para absorber nutrientes como grasas, carbohidratos (azúcares), vitaminas, minerales, oligoelementos y líquidos (malabsorción). Los síntomas específicos y la gravedad del síndrome del intestino corto varían entre personas. La diarrea es común, a menudo grave, y puede causar deshidratación, lo cual puede ser potencialmente mortal. Este síndrome puede llevar a desnutrición, pérdida de peso no intencionada y otros síntomas derivados de la falta de vitaminas y minerales esenciales.

El síndrome del intestino corto se asocia más comúnmente con la extirpación quirúrgica (resección) de la mitad o más del intestino delgado. Este tipo de cirugía se realiza para tratar enfermedades intestinales como la enfermedad de Crohn, lesiones o traumatismos en el intestino delgado, o defectos congénitos. La presencia o ausencia del intestino grueso (colon) determina muchos de los síntomas y el tratamiento del síndrome del intestino corto.

No tiene cura, pero generalmente se puede tratar de manera efectiva. Sin embargo, en algunas personas este síndrome puede provocar complicaciones graves, incapacitantes y potencialmente mortales.

Introducción

A lo largo de los años, la definición del síndrome del intestino corto en la literatura médica ha variado, lo que ha llevado a cierta confusión. Aunque algunas fuentes médicas reservan el término para los casos causados por la resección quirúrgica de una parte del intestino delgado, otras señalan que puede resultar de cualquier enfermedad, lesión o condición que impida el funcionamiento adecuado del intestino delgado, incluso si su longitud no se ve afectada. El síndrome del intestino corto puede clasificarse como un tipo de insuficiencia intestinal. En casos raros, los bebés nacen con un intestino corto (síndrome congénito de intestino corto). Aunque estos casos congénitos suelen estar asociados con malrotación del intestino delgado, se desconoce la causa exacta.

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