• Patients & Caregivers
  • Patient Organizations
  • For Clinicians & Researchers
  • NORD En español
  • Contact Us
NORD logo with tag for website.
  • Donate
  • Rare Disease News
  • Find a Rare Disease
  • About Us
  • Events
  • Understanding Rare Disease
        • Where to start
          • Rare Disease Facts and Statistics
          • NORD’s Rare Disease Database
          • Rare Disease Video Library
          • Help for People with Undiagnosed Medical Conditions
          • Find A Rare Disease Organization
          • Diagnóstico Raro en Niños: Una Guía para los Padres para Encontrar el Diagnóstico de una Enfermedad Rara
          • A PCP Primer to Diagnosing Rare Disease in Children
        • Stay informed
          • Stories That Inspire
          • RareEdu® – Online Learning Platform
          • Rare Disease Day®
          • Resource Library
          • State Resource Center
          • Publications On Rare Disease
        • Featured NORD Event
          • LRLS Thumbnail for rarediseases.orgNORD® Living Rare, Living Stronger® Patient & Family Meeting
          • Learn More
  • Living with a Rare Disease
        • Manage your care
          • Getting Help & Support
          • Managing Your Disease
          • Telemedicina – Para Pacientes y Cuidadores
        • We can help
          • How NORD Can Help
          • Speak To Someone at NORD
          • Rare Disease Centers Of Excellence
          • Patient Assistance Programs
          • Explore Clinical Trials
          • Find A Patient Organization
          • Caregiver Resources
        • Discover Local Resources
        • State-Resource-Cente
  • Community Support
      • Where to start
        • Rare Diseases Defined
        • Financial & Medical Assistance
        • Call Center & Information Services
        • Bringing Together Your Community
      • Mentoring organizations
        • NORD Member List
        • Start a Rare Disease Organization
        • Membership Program
        • Becoming Research Ready
        • Patient-Focused Drug Development
      • Improving clinical care
        • NORD Claim Your Care®
        • Rare Disease Centers of Excellence
        • Continuing Medical Education (CME)
      • Partnering with the community
        • Corporate Council
        • National Partnerships
        • Global Partnerships
        • Rare Cancer Coalition
        • NORD Rare Impact Awards®
      • Featured NORD Event
        • LRLS Thumbnail for rarediseases.orgNORD® Living Rare, Living Stronger® Patient & Family Meeting
        • Learn More
  • Advancing Research
      • For patients
        • List of Rare Diseases
        • Gene Therapy for Rare Disease
        • Find Clinical Trials & Research Studies
      • For researchers
        • Request for Proposals
        • Research Grant Programs
        • Data Standards for Rare Diseases
        • Patient-Focused Drug Development Meetings
      • For clinicians
        • Resources for Patients
        • Find a Rare Disease Care Center
        • Continuing Medical Education (CME)
      • Connect
        • IAMRARE® Program Powered by NORD
        • Rare Disease Cures Accelerator (RDCA-DAP)
        • All of Us Study
      • Featured NORD Event
        • Symposium thumbnailNORD Rare Disease Scientific Symposium
        • Learn More
  • Driving Policy
        • NORD policy and you
          • Public Policy Positions
          • Policy Statements & Letters to Policymakers
          • Rare Disease Advisory Councils
          • NORD State Report Card®
        • Taking action
          • Join the Rare Action Network®
          • Take Action
          • Advocate for Rare Disease Policies as a Health Care Professional
        • Join A Current Campaign.
          • NORD policy alert notification icon imageLearn about our current
            policy goals
          • Take Action
        • Featured NORD Event
        • Summit thumbnailNORD® Rare Diseases & Orphan Products Breakthrough Summit®
        • Learn More
  • Get Involved
      • Raising Awareness & Funds with NORD
        • Do-It-Yourself NORD Fundraiser
        • NORD Students for Rare®
        • Sports & Fitness Fundraisers
        • Media Inquiries
      • In your community
        • Attend An Upcoming Event
        • Find a Rare Disease Patient Organization
        • Stay Informed With NORD’s Email Newsletter
        • Rare Disease Day®
      • Patient stories
        • Share Your Story
        • Careers At NORD
        • Intern At NORD
        • Jobs At Patient Disease Organizations
      • Corporate Council
        • Corporate Council
        • Corporate Council Members
        • Join Corporate Council
        • Corporate Council – Code of Conduct
      • Show Your Support
        • Donate to NORD
        • Volunteer Application
        • Store
  • Donate
  • Understanding Rare Disease
    • Where to start
      • Rare Disease Facts and Statistics
      • NORD’s Rare Disease Database
      • Rare Disease Video Library
      • What It Means To Be Undiagnosed
      • Find A Rare Disease Organization
      • Diagnóstico Raro en Niños: Una Guía para los Padres para Encontrar el Diagnóstico de una Enfermedad Rara
      • A PCP Primer to Diagnosing Rare Disease in Children
    • Stay informed
      • Stories That Inspire
      • RareEdu® – Online Learning Platform
      • Rare Disease Day
      • Resource Library
      • State Resource Center – Find Local Resources
      • Publications On Rare Disease
    • NORD® Living Rare, Living Stronger® Patient & Family Meeting
      • Learn More
  • Living with a Rare Disease
    • Manage your care
      • Getting Help & Support
      • Managing Your Disease
    • We can help
      • How NORD Can Help
      • Speak To Someone at NORD
      • Rare Disease Center Of Excellence
      • Patient Assistance Programs
      • Explore Clinical Trials
      • Find A Patient Organization
      • Caregiver Resources
      • State Resource Center – Discover Local Resources
  • Community Support
    • Where to start
      • Rare Diseases Defined
      • Financial & Medical Assistance
      • Call Center & Information Services
      • Bringing Together Your Community
    • Mentoring organizations
      • NORD Member List
      • Start a Rare Disease Organization
      • Membership Program
      • Becoming Research Ready
      • Launching Registries & Natural History Studies
      • Patient-Focused Drug Development
    • Improving clinical care
      • Claim Your Care
      • Rare Disease Centers of Excellence
      • Continuing Medical Education (CME)
    • Partnering with the community
      • Corporate Council
      • National Partnerships
      • Global Parnerships
    • NORD® Living Rare, Living Stronger® Patient & Family Meeting
      • Learn More
  • Advancing Research
    • For patients
      • List of Rare Diseases
      • Gene Therapy for Rare Disease
      • Find Clinical Trials & Research Studies
    • For researchers
      • Request for Proposals
      • Research Grant Programs
      • Data Standards for Rare Diseases
    • For clinicians
      • Resources for Patients
      • Find a Rare Disease Care Center
      • Continuing Medical Education (CME)
    • Connect
      • IAMRARE® Program Powered by NORD
      • Rare Disease Cures Accelerator (RDCA-DAP)
      • All of Us Study
      • Add Your Expertise
    • NORD Rare Disease Scientific Symposium
      • Learn More
  • Driving Policy
    • NORD policy and you
      • Today’s Policy Issues
      • NORD’s Policy Statements
      • Rare Disease Advisory Councils
      • NORD State Report Card
    • Taking action
      • Join the Rare Action Network®
      • Contact your Representative
      • Take Action
      • Advocate for Rare Disease Policies as a Health Care Professional
    • Join A Current Campaign.
      • Learn about our current policy goals
  • Get Involved
    • Raising awareness and funds with NORD
      • Do-It-Yourself NORD Fundraiser
      • NORD Students for Rare
      • Sports & Fitness Fundraisers
      • Media Inquiries
    • In your community
      • Attend An Upcoming Event
      • Find a Rare Disease Patient Organization
      • Stay Informed With NORD’s Email Newsletter
      • Rare Disease Day®
    • Patient stories
      • Share Your Story
      • Careers At NORD
      • Intern At NORD
      • Jobs At Patient Disease Organizations
    • Show your support
      • Donate
      • Volunteer Application
      • Visit the NORD Store
  • Rare Disease News
  • Resource Library
  • About Us
  • For Clinicians & Researchers
  • For Patient Organizations
Home / Rare Disease Video Library / Congenital Athymia

Related Videos

Zellweger Spectrum Disorders

Watch Video

Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Watch Video

Essential Thrombocythemia

Watch Video

Congenital Athymia - Video


Overview

La atimia congénita es una enfermedad rara caracterizada por la ausencia de un timo funcional que resulta en deficiencia de la inmunidad. Casí siempre ocurre como parte de varios trastornos genéticos y sindrómicos que incluyen inmunodeficiencia combinada grave por deficiencia de FOXN1, síndrome de la deleción 22q11.2, síndrome CHARGE (coloboma, defectos cardíacos, atresia de las coanas nasales, retraso del crecimiento y desarrollo, anomalías genitourinarias, y anomalías del oído), y síndrome de DiGeorge completo.

La mayoría de los bebés con atimia congénita tienen síndrome de deleción del cromosoma 22q11.2 o síndrome CHARGE. Ambos trastornos tienen síntomas que afectan múltiples sistemas del cuerpo además de la atimia.

La atimia congénita puede ser el resultado de defectos en genes que afectan el desarrollo de los órganos tímicos, como los genes FOXN1 y PAX1, o de genes que participan en el desarrollo de toda la región de la línea media del cuerpo, como TBX1, TBX2, CHD7 y FOXI3.

Otras condiciones que pueden incluir atimia congénita incluyen la diabetes materna y la exposición al ácido retinoico durante el embarazo.

Las personas afectadas con atimia congénita tienen una deficiencia de la inmunidad bastante profunda, mayor susceptibilidad a las infecciones y, con frecuencia, enfermedad de injerto contra huésped (EICH) autóloga, que es una complicación potencialmente mortal que puede ocurrir después de ciertos trasplantes de células madre o de médula ósea, un tratamiento médico que reemplaza la médula ósea con células sanas (las células madre son células que tienen la capacidad de transformarse en diferentes tipos de células del cuerpo).

El timo es una glándula ubicada en la parte superior del corazón. El timo produce glóbulos blancos especializados llamados células T que combaten las infecciones, especialmente las virales. El recuento de células T es más alto en los bebés durante los primeros 2 años de vida y luego disminuye lentamente con el tiempo. En adultos mayores de 60 años, el timo es reemplazado en su mayor parte por grasa. Por lo tanto, los niños sin timo son muy deficientes en células T y muy susceptibles a las infecciones. Los bebés afectados presentan infecciones crónicas o recurrentes que incluyen candidiasis, infecciones de la piel, pulmonares y del tracto urinario, diarrea crónica y retraso del crecimiento.

Sin tratamiento, es posible que algunos niños no sobrevivan; El trasplante de timo puede ser curativo.

NORD tiene informes individuales sobre el síndrome de deleción 22q11.2, el síndrome de DiGeorge completo y el síndrome CHARGE, y se puede acceder a estos informes en el sitio web de NORD en la base de datos de enfermedades raras. Rare Disease Database.

View Rare Disease Report >>

  • For Patients & Caregivers
  • For Organizations
  • For Clinicians & Researchers
Sign Up for NORD News

NORD Patient Hotline

NORD's Helpline is here for you. Reach us at 1-800-999-6673 or visit Contact Us.

Helpline hours:
Monday–Thursday 8:30am–7:00pm ET
Friday 8:30am–6:00pm ET

NORD Headquarters

120 Longwater Drive
Suite 105
Norwell, MA 02061

Mailing Address

7 Kenosia Avenue
Danbury, CT 06810
Phone: 203-744-0100
Fax: 203-263-9938

Donation Mailing Address

NORD, Inc. – Donations
Dept. 5930
P.O. Box 4110
Woburn, MA 01888

Other Locations

Newport Coast, CA Office
21163 Newport Coast Drive
Suite 254
Newport Coast, CA 92657
Washington, DC Office
1779 Massachusetts Avenue
Suite 500
Washington, DC 20036
  • Understanding Rare Disease
    • Where to Start
    • Stay Informed
    • Patient Stories
  • Living with a Rare Disease
    • Manage Your Care
    • We Can Help
  • Community Support
    • Where to Start
    • Mentoring Organizations
    • Improving Clinical Care
    • Partnering With the Community
    • Community Support
  • Advancing Research
    • For Patients
    • For Researchers
    • For Clinicians
    • Connect
    • Publications
    • Download a Subset of NORD’s Rare Disease Database
  • Driving Policy
    • NORD Policy Priorities
    • Taking Action
    • Join the Rare Action Network®
  • Donate
    • Donate
  • Get Involved
  • Legal
    • Brand Resources and Guidelines
    • Terms & Conditions
    • Privacy Policy
  • Rare Disease News
  • About Us
  • Media Inquiries
  • Get Involved
  • Careers at NORD
  • Sitemap
  • Contact Us

Copyright ©2026 NORD – National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. All rights reserved.

NORD is a registered 501(c)(3) charity organization.
Please note that NORD provides this information for the benefit of the rare disease community. NORD is not a medical provider or health care facility and thus can neither diagnose any disease or disorder nor endorse or recommend any specific medical treatments. Patients must rely on the personal and individualized medical advice of their qualified health care professionals before seeking any information related to their particular diagnosis, cure or treatment of a condition or disorder.

2023TRbadge_lg Platinum_Transparency_2024 Four_Stars_Charity

Make 2026 Count: Gift research, care, and advocacy for families everywhere

Your gift today fuels progress in the lab, in clinics, on Capitol Hill and for rare families who can’t wait another year for answers.


  • Donor-Advised Funds
  • Donate Stock
  • Planned Giving
NORD logo for Rare Disorders site.